DAT Question of the Day

Correct Answer: B. Golgi apparatus.

The Golgi apparatus is an organelle which somewhat resembles a stack of pita bread or pancakes. Its purpose is to modify proteins that are manufactured by the endoplasmic reticulum. Within the Golgi are resident enzymes, which catalyze the cargo proteins. The modification processes are glycosylation – the adding or removing of sugars from the protein, sulfation – addition of sulfate groups and phosphorylation – adding phosphate groups.

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Correct Answer: B. perforin

Cytotoxic T-cells are able to rid the body of infections that have spread to cells. To do this, cytotoxic T-cells release perforin, which disintegrates the cell membrane, causing the infected cell to lyse and then be engulfed by macrophages. Antibodies are released from B-cells that then aggregate to an antigen, tagging it to be eaten by macrophages. Actin and tubulin are proteins present in the cytoskeleton and histamine is a chemical released during an allergic reaction or to initiate an inflammatory response.

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Correct Answer: C. pH levels

The brain triggers the diaphragm to contract and lower to spur inhalation when the pH levels begin to drop. In the presence of high amounts of CO2, the blood’s pH begins to become acidic, which is detected by chemoreceptors. This will initiate inhalation, where CO2 will be expelled and oxygen will be absorbed into the capillaries in the alveoli, thereby restoring blood’s neutral pH.

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Correct Answer: B. mycorrhizae

The mycorrhizae inhabit the roots of vascular plants and help to increase the surface area of the roots leading to higher rates of nutrient and water absorption. Rhizomes are underground stems that can sprout to produce new shoots and roots for the plant. Likewise, the apical meristem is the portion on the stem that enables upward growth of the stem. The vascular cambium produces secondary xylem and phloem that help sustain the plant as it grows laterally each year. In addition, the cork cambium forms the “woody” part of the plant helping to provide the plant with structure and support as it grows laterally.

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