Sub Base

Correct Answer: C. HNO3 + H2O -> NO3– + H3O⁺

To act as a Bronsted-Lowry base water must accept a proton from an acid forming the hydronium ion, H3O⁺. This is the case in HNO3 + H2O -> NO3– + H3O⁺.

NH3 + H2O -> NH4⁺ + OH^– – water is acting as a Bronsted-Lowry acid by releasing a H⁺ and forming the hydroxide ion, OH^–.

NaCl(s) + H2O -> Na⁺(aq) + Cl^–(aq) – Water is acting as a solvent.

CuSO4(s) + 5 H2O -> CuSO4.5H2O(s) – Water is incorporating itself into the copper sulfate as water of hydration.

2 H2O -> H3O⁺ + OH^– – Water is undergoing a disproportionation reaction, acting both as an acid and a base to form H3O⁺ and OH^–.

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